Jeffrey W. Holmes

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Primary Appointment

Professor, Biomedical Engineering

Research Disciplines

Bioinformatics and Genomics, Biotechnology, Cardiovascular Biology, Computational Biology, Physiology, Translational Science

Personal Statement

The Cardiac Biomechanics Group focuses on the interactions between mechanics, function, and growth and remodeling in the heart. The mechanical properties of normal and diseased myocardium are important determinants of overall heart function. These mechanical properties change during growth, remodeling or disease, often in part as a response to changes in the mechanical environment. Our group studies this interplay between mechanical environment, tissue response, and heart function, not only to better understand the basis for heart disease but also to identify new opportunities to intervene. Current Projects:
Currently, most of our projects are related to myocardial infarction (MI):
1. a translational effort to help prevent MI by developing new quantitative measures of heart wall motion that improve screening for coronary artery disease;
2. a basic biomechanics project focused on understanding how the structure of a healing infarct gives rise to its mechanical properties and how those mechanical properties influence overall heart function; and
3. longer-term efforts to determine how mechanical factors regulate both cardiac wound healing and remodeling of non-infarcted myocardium in post-MI patients

Training

  • Biotechnology Training Grant
  • Training in Cell and Molecular Biology
  • Training in the Pharmacological Sciences

Selected Publications

2022

Oomen, P. J. A., Phung, T. -K. N., Weinberg, S. H., Bilchick, K. C., & Holmes, J. W. (2022). A rapid electromechanical model to predict reverse remodeling following cardiac resynchronization therapy. BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY, 21(1), 231-247. doi:10.1007/s10237-021-01532-7

Caggiano, L. R., Holmes, J. W., & Witzenburg, C. M. (2022). Individual variability in animal-specific hemodynamic compensation following myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY, 163, 156-166. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.008

2021

Montgomery, J., Richardson, W. J., Marsh, S., Rhett, J. M., Bustos, F., Degen, K., . . . Gourdie, R. G. (2021). The connexin 43 carboxyl terminal mimetic peptide αCT1 prompts differentiation of a collagen scar matrix in humans resembling unwounded skin. FASEB JOURNAL, 35(8). doi:10.1096/fj.202001881R

Rogers, J. D., Holmes, J. W., Saucerman, J. J., & Richardson, W. J. (2021). Mechano-chemo signaling interactions modulate matrix production by cardiac fibroblasts.. Matrix biology plus, 10, 100055. doi:10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100055

Yin, B., Caggiano, L. R., Li, R. -C., McGowan, E., Holmes, J. W., & Ewald, S. E. (2021). Automated Spatially Targeted Optical Microproteomics Investigates Inflammatory Lesions In Situ. JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH, 20(9), 4543-4552. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00505

Gao, X., Abdi, M., Auger, D. A., Sun, C., Hanson, C. A., Robinson, A. A., . . . Bilchick, K. C. (2021). Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Programming Strategies. JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING, 14(12), 2369-2383. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.06.015

Caggiano, L. R., & Holmes, J. W. (2021). A Comparison of Fiber Based Material Laws for Myocardial Scar. JOURNAL OF ELASTICITY, 145(1-2), 321-337. doi:10.1007/s10659-021-09845-5

Zeigler, A. C., Chandrabhatla, A. S., Christiansen, S. L., Nelson, A. R., Holmes, J. W., & Saucerman, J. J. (2021). Network model-based screen for FDA-approved drugs affecting cardiac fibrosis. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY, 10(4), 377-388. doi:10.1002/psp4.12599

Estrada, A. C., Yoshida, K., Saucerman, J. J., & Holmes, J. W. (2021). A multiscale model of cardiac concentric hypertrophy incorporating both mechanical and hormonal drivers of growth. BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY, 20(1), 293-307. doi:10.1007/s10237-020-01385-6

2020

Yoshida, K., & Holmes, J. W. (2021). Computational models of cardiac hypertrophy. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 159, 75-85. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.07.001

Zeigler, A. C., Nelson, A. R., Chandrabhatla, A. S., Brazhkina, O., Holmes, J. W., & Saucerman, J. J. (2020). Computational model predicts paracrine and intracellular drivers of fibroblast phenotype after myocardial infarction. MATRIX BIOLOGY, 91-92, 136-151. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2020.03.007

Yoshida, K., McCulloch, A. D., Omens, J. H., & Holmes, J. W. (2020). Predictions of hypertrophy and its regression in response to pressure overload. BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY, 19(3), 1079-1089. doi:10.1007/s10237-019-01271-w

2019

Zeigler, A., Nelson, A., Chandrabhatla, A., Brazhkina, O., Holmes, J., & Saucerman, J. (2019). Computational Model Predicts Paracrine and Intracellular Drivers of Fibroblast Phenotype After Myocardial Infarction. doi:10.1101/840017

Estrada, A. C., Yoshida, K., Clarke, S. A., & Holmes, J. W. (2020). Longitudinal Reinforcement of Acute Myocardial Infarcts Improves Function by Transmurally Redistributing Stretch and Stress. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 142(2). doi:10.1115/1.4044030

Phung, T. -K. N., Waters, C. D., & Holmes, J. W. (2020). Open-Source Routines for Building Personalized Left Ventricular Models From Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 142(2). doi:10.1115/1.4043876

Lee, J. -J., Talman, L., Peirce, S. M., & Holmes, J. W. (2019). Spatial scaling in multiscale models: methods for coupling agent-based and finite-element models of wound healing. BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY, 18(5), 1297-1309. doi:10.1007/s10237-019-01145-1

Holmes, J. W. (2019). Model First and Ask Questions Later: Confessions of a Reformed Experimentalist. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 141(7). doi:10.1115/1.4043432

Cohen, N., Deshpande, V. S., Holmes, J. W., & McMeeking, R. M. (2019). A microscopically motivated model for the remodeling of cardiomyocytes. BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY, 18(4), 1233-1245. doi:10.1007/s10237-019-01141-5

Rikard, S. M., Athey, T. L., Nelson, A. R., Christiansen, S. L. M., Lee, J. -J., Holmes, J. W., . . . Saucerman, J. J. (2019). Multiscale Coupling of an Agent-Based Model of Tissue Fibrosis and a Logic-Based Model of Intracellular Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY, 10. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01481

Kim, A. S., Witzenburg, C. M., Conaway, M., Vergales, J. E., Holmes, J. W., L'Ecuyer, T. J., & Dean, P. N. (2019). Trajectory of right ventricular indices is an early predictor of outcomes in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, 14(6), 1185-1192. doi:10.1111/chd.12834

Witzenburg, C. M., & Holmes, J. W. (2019). The Impact of Hemodynamic Reflex Compensation Following Myocardial Infarction on Subsequent Ventricular Remodeling. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 141(9). doi:10.1115/1.4043867

Salimova, E., Nowak, K. J., Estrada, A. C., Furtado, M. B., McNamara, E., Quang, N., . . . Rosenthal, N. A. (2019). Variable outcomes of human heart attack recapitulated in genetically diverse mice. NPJ REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, 4. doi:10.1038/s41536-019-0067-6

French, B. A., & Holmes, J. W. (2019). Implications of scar structure and mechanics for post-infarction cardiac repair and regeneration. EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH, 376(1), 98-103. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.001

2018

Richardson, W. J., Kegerreis, B., Thomopoulos, S., & Holmes, J. W. (2018). Potential strain-dependent mechanisms defining matrix alignment in healing tendons. BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY, 17(6), 1569-1580. doi:10.1007/s10237-018-1044-5

Witzenburg, C. M., & Holmes, J. W. (2018). Predicting the Time Course of Ventricular Dilation and Thickening Using a Rapid Compartmental Model. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH, 11(2), 109-122. doi:10.1007/s12265-018-9793-1

Lindsey, M. L., Bolli, R., Canty, J. M. J., Du, X. -J., Frangogiannis, N. G., Frantz, S., . . . Heusch, G. (2018). Guidelines for experimental models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 314(4), H812-H838. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00335.2017

Chen, K., Hu, X., Blemker, S. S., & Holmes, J. W. (2018). Multiscale computational model of Achilles tendon wound healing: Untangling the effects of repair and loading. PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY, 14(12). doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006652

Caggiano, L. R., Lee, J. -J., & Holmes, J. W. (2018). Surgical reinforcement alters collagen alignment and turnover in healing myocardial infarcts. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 315(4), H1041-H1050. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00088.2018

Holmes, J. W., & Lumens, J. (2018). Clinical Applications of Patient-Specific Models: The Case for a Simple Approach. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH, 11(2), 71-79. doi:10.1007/s12265-018-9787-z

Chen, K., Vigliotti, A., Bacca, M., McMeeking, R. M., Deshpande, V. S., & Holmes, J. W. (2018). Role of boundary conditions in determining cell alignment in response to stretch. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 115(5), 986-991. doi:10.1073/pnas.1715059115

2017

Witzenburg, C. M., & Holmes, J. W. (2017). A Comparison of Phenomenologic Growth Laws for Myocardial Hypertrophy. JOURNAL OF ELASTICITY, 129(1-2), 257-281. doi:10.1007/s10659-017-9631-8

Auger, D. A., Bilchick, K. C., Gonzalez, J. A., Cui, S. X., Holmes, J. W., Kramer, C. M., . . . Epstein, F. H. (2017). Imaging Left-Ventricular Mechanical Activation in Heart Failure Patients Using Cine DENSE MRI: Validation and Implications for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, 46(3), 887-896. doi:10.1002/jmri.25613

Phung, T. -K. N., Moyer, C. B., Norton, P. T., Ferguson, J. D., & Holmes, J. W. (2017). Effect of ablation pattern on mechanical function in the atrium. PACE-PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, 40(6), 648-654. doi:10.1111/pace.13086

2016

Zeigler, A. C., Richardson, W. J., Holmes, J. W., & Saucerman, J. J. (2016). A computational model of cardiac fibroblast signaling predicts context-dependent drivers of myofibroblast differentiation. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY, 94, 72-81. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.03.008

Richardson, W. J., & Holmes, J. W. (2016). Emergence of Collagen Orientation Heterogeneity in Healing Infarcts and an Agent-Based Model. BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 110(10), 2266-2277. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2016.04.014

Spinale, F. G., Frangogiannis, N. G., Hinz, B., Holmes, J. W., Kassiri, Z., & Lindsey, M. L. (2016). Crossing Into the Next Frontier of Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Research. CIRCULATION RESEARCH, 119(10), 1040-1045. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309916

Holmes, J. W., & Wagenseil, J. E. (2016). Special Issue: Spotlight on the Future of Cardiovascular Engineering: Frontiers and Challenges in Cardiovascular Biomechanics. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 138(11). doi:10.1115/1.4034873

2015

Zeigler, A. C., Richardson, W. J., Holmes, J. W., & Saucerman, J. J. (2016). Computational modeling of cardiac fibroblasts and fibrosis. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY, 93, 73-83. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.020

Clarke, S. A., Richardson, W. J., & Holmes, J. W. (2016). Modifying the mechanics of healing infarcts: Is better the enemy of good?. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY, 93, 115-124. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.028

Holmes, J. W., Laksman, Z., & Gepstein, L. (2016). Making better scar: Emerging approaches for modifying mechanical and electrical properties following infarction and ablation. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 120(1-3), 134-148. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.11.002

Richardson, W. J., & Holmes, J. W. (2015). Why Is Infarct Expansion Such an Elusive Therapeutic Target?. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH, 8(7), 421-430. doi:10.1007/s12265-015-9652-2

Richardson, W. J., Clarke, S. A., Quinn, T. A., & Holmes, J. W. (2015). Physiological Implications of Myocardial Scar Structure. COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 5(4), 1877-1909. doi:10.1002/cphy.c140067

Clarke, S. A., Goodman, N. C., Ailawadi, G., & Holmes, J. W. (2015). Effect of Scar Compaction on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Anisotropic Reinforcement Following Myocardial Infarction in the Dog. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH, 8(6), 353-361. doi:10.1007/s12265-015-9637-1

Moyer, C. B., Norton, P. T., Ferguson, J. D., & Holmes, J. W. (2015). Changes in Global and Regional Mechanics Due to Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from a Coupled Finite-Element and Circulation Model. ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 43(7), 1600-1613. doi:10.1007/s10439-015-1256-0

2014

Lin, D., French, B. A., Xu, Y., Hossack, J. A., & Holmes, J. W. (2015). AN ULTRASOUND-DRIVEN KINEMATIC MODEL FOR DEFORMATION OF THE INFARCTED MOUSE LEFT VENTRICLE INCORPORATING A NEAR-INCOMPRESSIBILITY CONSTRAINT. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, 41(2), 532-541. doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.09.002

Parker, K. M., Clark, A. P., Goodman, N. C., Glover, D. K., & Holmes, J. W. (2015). Comparison of Quantitative Wall-Motion Analysis and Strain for Detection of Coronary Stenosis with Three-Dimensional Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-A JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND ALLIED TECHNIQUES, 32(2), 349-360. doi:10.1111/echo.12636

Bilchick, K. C., Kuruvilla, S., Hamirani, Y. S., Ramachandran, R., Clarke, S. A., Parker, K. M., . . . Epstein, F. H. (2014). Impact of Mechanical Activation, Scar, and Electrical Timing on Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Response and Clinical Outcomes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY, 63(16), 1657-1666. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.533

Parker, K. M., Bunting, E., Malhotra, R., Clarke, S. A., Mason, P., Darby, A. E., . . . Bilchick, K. C. (2014). Postprocedure Mapping of Cardiac Resynchronization Lead Position Using Standard Fluoroscopy Systems: Implications for the Nonresponder with Scar. PACE-PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, 37(6), 757-767. doi:10.1111/pace.12344

Rouillard, A. D., & Holmes, J. W. (2014). Mechanical Boundary Conditions Bias Fibroblast Invasion in a Collagen-Fibrin Wound Model. BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 106(4), 932-943. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.12.002

Haggart, C. R., Ames, E. G., Lee, J. K., & Holmes, J. W. (2014). Effects of stretch and shortening on gene expression in intact myocardium. PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS, 46(2), 57-65. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00103.2013

Rouillard, A. D., & Holmes, J. W. (2014). Coupled agent-based and finite-element models for predicting scar structure following myocardial infarction. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 115(2-3), 235-243. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.06.010

2013

Kenwood, B. M., Weaver, J. L., Bajwa, A., Poon, I. K., Byrne, F. L., Murrow, B. A., . . . Hoehn, K. L. (2014). Identification of a novel mitochondria! uncoupler that does not depolarize the plasma membrane. MOLECULAR METABOLISM, 3(2), 114-123. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2013.11.005

Moyer, C. B., Helm, P. A., Clarke, C. J., Budge, L. P., Kramer, C. M., Ferguson, J. D., . . . Holmes, J. W. (2013). Wall-Motion Based Analysis of Global and Regional Left Atrial Mechanics. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING, 32(10), 1765-1776. doi:10.1109/TMI.2013.2264062

Ames, E. G., Lawson, M. J., Mackey, A. J., & Holmes, J. W. (2013). Sequencing of mRNA identifies re-expression of fetal splice variants in cardiac hypertrophy. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY, 62, 99-107. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.05.004

2012

Fomovsky, G. M., Rouillard, A. D., & Holmes, J. W. (2012). Regional mechanics determine collagen fiber structure in healing myocardial infarcts. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY, 52(5), 1083-1090. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.02.012

Ateshian, G. A., Morrison, B. I. I. I., Holmes, J. W., & Hung, C. T. (2012). Mechanics of cell growth. MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 42, 118-125. doi:10.1016/j.mechrescom.2012.01.010

Chandran, P. L., Paik, D. C., & Holmes, J. W. (2012). Structural Mechanism for Alteration of Collagen Gel Mechanics by Glutaraldehyde Crosslinking. CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH, 53(4), 285-297. doi:10.3109/03008207.2011.640760

Holmes, J. W., & Geest, J. P. V. (2012). Cardiovascular solid mechanics grows and remodels. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 45(5), 727. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.11.011

Rouillard, A. D., & Holmes, J. W. (2012). Mechanical regulation of fibroblast migration and collagen remodelling in healing myocardial infarcts. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 590(18), 4585-4602. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.229484

Fomovsky, G. M., Clark, S. A., Parker, K. M., Ailawadi, G., & Holmes, J. W. (2012). Anisotropic Reinforcement of Acute Anteroapical Infarcts Improves Pump Function. CIRCULATION-HEART FAILURE, 5(4), 515-522. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.965731

2011

Sharafi, B., Ames, E. G., Holmes, J. W., & Blemker, S. S. (2011). Strains at the myotendinous junction predicted by a micromechanical model. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 44(16), 2795-2801. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.08.025

2010

Fomovsky, G. M., Macadangdang, J. R., Ailawadi, G., & Holmes, J. W. (2011). Model-Based Design of Mechanical Therapies for Myocardial Infarction. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH, 4(1), 82-91. doi:10.1007/s12265-010-9241-3

Herz, S. L., Hasegawa, T., Makaryus, A. N., Parker, K. M., Homma, S., Wang, J., & Holmes, J. W. (2010). Quantitative Three-Dimensional Wall Motion Analysis Predicts Ischemic Region Size and Location. ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 38(4), 1367-1376. doi:10.1007/s10439-009-9880-1